Tourism and Recreational Complex with a Focus on the Indigenous Culture of Mazandaran

Abstract

The design of tourism–recreational complexes in contexts with specific climatic and cultural characteristics requires a context-based and multidimensional approach that can simultaneously respond to functional, environmental, and identity-related requirements. This study aims to clarify the role of vernacular architecture in improving the quality of tourism spaces in the Mazandaran region and to present an optimal design model. The research method is analytical–applied, based on library studies and the analysis of various spatial organization patterns (centralized, linear, clustered, radial, and organic). The findings indicate that none of the individual patterns alone can fully address the complexity of design in such projects. Among them, the hybrid clustered–organic pattern emerges as the most suitable option, as it creates a balance between functional efficiency, adaptation to climatic conditions, preservation of the natural context, and reinforcement of cultural identity. This pattern, by combining clustered organization with organic form-making, enables appropriate spatial dispersion, reduced density, improved natural ventilation, and enhanced spatial experience. Moreover, its alignment with the principles of vernacular architecture in the region strengthens the sense of place and creates an authentic experience for tourists. Ultimately, the results emphasize that successful design of tourism–recreational complexes requires a shift from fixed models toward process-oriented and context-sensitive approaches—an approach in which spatial organization emerges from the interaction between humans, nature, and culture, and can pave the way for sustainable tourism development in the region.